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2023年3月30日发(作者：goldwave教程)
Solaris10单镜像盘
启动系统
1.概述
在Solaris系统重启后，发现其中一块镜像盘物理故障，或一
块硬盘上的metadb或数据有丢失，导致系统启动时自动进入维护
模式，本文档介绍在上述情况下启动系统的操作。
操作环境如下：
主机系统版本硬盘列表备注
SunUltra45Solaris10Sparc
c1t0d0系统盘
c1t1d0系统盘（故障）
2.操作准备
1、准备一张Solaris10的光盘用于进入单用户模式；
2.1.确认硬盘故障
查看系统启动告警信息
okboot
SunUltra45Workstation,NoKeyboard
Copyright2005SunMicrosystems,htsreserved.
OpenBoot4.21.2,4096MBmemoryinstalled,Serial#68148048.
Ethernetaddress0:14:4f:f:db:50,HostID:840fdb50.
Rebootingwithcommand:boot
Bootdevice:/pci@1e,600000/pci@0/pci@9/pci@0/scsi@1/disk@0,0:aFileandargs:
SunOSRelease5.10VersionGeneric_147147-2664-bit
Copyright(c)1983,2013,Oracleand/htsreserved.
WARNING:md:d102:(Unavailable)needsmaintenance
Hostname:test-01
Insufficientmetadevicedatabasereplicaslocated.
Usemetadbtodeletedatabaseswhicharebroken.
IgnoreanyRead-onlyfilesystemerrormessages.
Rebootthesystemwhenfinishedtoreloadthemetadevicedatabase.
Afterreboot,repairanybrokendatabasereplicaswhichweredeleted.
Mar2317:56:[9]:svc:/system/metainit:default:Method
"/lib/svc/method/svc-metainit"failedwithexitstatus96.
Mar2317:56:[9]:system/metainit:defaultmisconfigured:transitionedto
maintenance(see'svcs-xv'fordetails)
Mar2317:56:[9]:svc:/system/filesystem/usr:default:Method
"/lib/svc/method/fs-usr"failedwithexitstatus95.
Mar2317:56:[9]:system/filesystem/usr:defaultfailedfatally:
transitionedtomaintenance(see'svcs-xv'fordetails)
RequestingSystemMaintenanceMode
(See/lib/svc/share/READMEformoreinformation.)
Consoleloginservice(s)cannotrun
Rootpasswordforsystemmaintenance(control-dtobypass)://输入root密码
single-userprivilegeassignedto/dev/console.
EnteringSystemMaintenanceMode//系统自动进入维护模式
Mar2317:59:19su:'suroot'succeededforrooton/dev/console
OracleCorporationSunOS5.10GenericPatchJanuary2005
#在维护模式查看镜像状态，发现有一半子镜像需要维护，这
一半子镜像都分布在同一块硬盘，这块硬盘上的metadb也处
于unknow状态，可以确定c1t1d0硬盘故障，拔出故障硬盘。
#metastat
d130:Mirror
Submirror0:d131
State:Okay
Submirror1:d132
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
d131:Submirrorofd130
State:Okay
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s30NoOkayYes
d132:Submirrorofd130
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced130c1t1d0s3
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s30NoMaintenanceYes
d110:Mirror
Submirror0:d111
State:Okay
Submirror1:d112
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
d111:Submirrorofd110
State:Okay
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s10NoOkayYes
d112:Submirrorofd110
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced110c1t1d0s1
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s10NoMaintenanceYes
d100:Mirror
Submirror0:d101
State:Okay
Submirror1:d102
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
d101:Submirrorofd100
State:Okay
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s00NoOkayYes
d102:Submirrorofd100
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced100c1t1d0s0
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s00NoMaintenanceYes
DeviceRelocationInformation:
DeviceRelocDeviceID
c1t1d0Yesid1,sd@n5000c50002f5d577
c1t0d0Yesid1,sd@n5000c50002f54e2b
##metadb
flagsfirstblkblockcount
amplu168192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apl82088192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apl164008192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
MWpl16unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
MWpl8208unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
MWpl16400unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
#3.解决方法1(修改system文件)
3.1.进入ok模式
在维护模式输入init0进入ok模式
#init0
#:wait.
:81systemservicesarenowbeingstopped.
:Thesystemisdown.
syncingfilesystems...done
Programterminated
ok
ok
3.2.从光盘引导进入单用户模式
把盘放入光驱，bootcdrom–s从光盘引导进入单用户模式
okbootcdrom-s
SunUltra45Workstation,NoKeyboard
Copyright2005SunMicrosystems,htsreserved.
OpenBoot4.21.2,4096MBmemoryinstalled,Serial#68148048.
Ethernetaddress0:14:4f:f:db:50,HostID:840fdb50.
Rebootingwithcommand:bootcdrom-s
Bootdevice:/pci@1e,600000/pci@0/pci@1/pci@0/ide@1f/cdrom@0,0:fFileandargs:-s
SunOSRelease5.10VersionGeneric_147440-0164-bit
Copyright(c)1983,2011,Oracleand/htsreserved.
WARNING:i2c_0failedtoaddinterrupt.
WARNING:i2c_0operatinginPOLLMODEonly
WARNING:i2c_1failedtoaddinterrupt.
WARNING:i2c_1operatinginPOLLMODEonly
WARNING:i2c_0failedtoaddinterrupt
WARNING:Failedtoopendevice(/pci@1f,700000:devctl),rv(19)
WARNING:ppm_init_cb:ppmdomaindomain_pciegfxwillbeoffline.
Bootingtomilestone"milestone/single-user:default".
Configuringdevices.
UsingRPCBootparamsfornetworkconfigurationinformation.
Attemptingtoconfigureinterfacece3...
Skippedinterfacece3
Attemptingtoconfigureinterfacece2...
Skippedinterfacece2
Attemptingtoconfigureinterfacece1...
Skippedinterfacece1
Attemptingtoconfigureinterfacece0...
Configuredinterfacece0
Attemptingtoconfigureinterfacebge1...
Skippedinterfacebge1
Attemptingtoconfigureinterfacebge0...
Skippedinterfacebge0
RequestingSystemMaintenanceMode
SINGLEUSERMODE
#3.3.修改/etc/system文件
在format中查看硬盘，找到系统根目录所在分区，并把该分区
挂载给/a。
#format
Searchingfordisks...done
AVAILABLEDISKSELECTIONS:
0.c1t0d0
/pci@1e,600000/pci@0/pci@9/pci@0/scsi@1/sd@0,0
Specifydisk(enteritsnumber):0
selectingc1t0d0
[diskformatted]
format>p
partition>p
Currentpartitiontable(original):
Totaldiskcylindersavailable:65533+2(reservedcylinders)
PartTagFlagCylindersSizeBlocks
0rootwm4685-2108034.18GB(16396/0/0)71683312
1swapwu0-46849.77GB(4685/0/0)20482820
2backupwm0-65532136.62GB(65533/0/0)286510276
3homewm21.65GB(7027/0/0)30722044
4unassignedwm00(0/0/0)0
5unassignedwm00(0/0/0)0
6unassignedwm00(0/0/0)0
7unassignedwm28108-2811312.81MB(6/0/0)26232
partition>
###mount/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s0/a//把c1t0d0s0分区mount到/a目录
有时会提示需要fsck先检测磁盘的文件系统，如果文件系统损坏则无法mount
##TERM=vt100;exportTERM;//修改当前环境变量，用户vi编辑
#cd/a/etc//进入/a/etc/目录，不要直接vi/etc/system
#//备份system文件
#visystem//编辑/a/etc/system文件
*BeginMDDrootinfo(donotedit)
rootdev:/pseudo/md@0:0,100,blk
*EndMDDrootinfo(donotedit)
setmd:mirrored_root_flag=1//最后加入这一行，用户在metadb仅一半有效时
候仍能启动系统
目录/a
编辑好/a/etc/system文件后，取消mount的/a目录,不mount
可能会出现挂载问题；
#cd///回到根目录，
#umount/a//umount目录/a
3.5.重启系统并查看系统状态
重启系统，并查看系统状态。
#init6
syncingfilesystems...done
Programterminated
SunUltra45Workstation,NoKeyboard
Copyright2005SunMicrosystems,htsreserved.
OpenBoot4.21.2,4096MBmemoryinstalled,Serial#68148048.
Ethernetaddress0:14:4f:f:db:50,HostID:840fdb50.
Rebootingwithcommand:boot
Bootdevice:/pci@1e,600000/pci@0/pci@9/pci@0/scsi@1/disk@0,0Fileandargs:
SunOSRelease5.10VersionGeneric_147147-2664-bit
Copyright(c)1983,2013,Oracleand/htsreserved.
Hostname:test-01
test-01consolelogin:root
Password:
Lastlogin:MonMar2411:54:36onconsole
Mar2412:19:21test-01login:ROOTLOGIN/dev/console
OracleCorporationSunOS5.10GenericPatchJanuary2005
###bash
bash-3.2#df-h
FilesystemsizeusedavailcapacityMountedon
/dev/md/dsk/d10034G4.7G29G15%/
/devices0K0K0K0%/devices
ctfs0K0K0K0%/system/contract
proc0K0K0K0%/proc
mnttab0K0K0K0%/etc/mnttab
swap13G1.7M13G1%/etc/svc/volatile
objfs0K0K0K0%/system/object
sharefs0K0K0K0%/etc/dfs/sharetab
/platform/sun4u-us3/lib/libc_psr/libc_psr_.1
34G4.7G29G15%
/platform/sun4u-us3/lib/libc_.1
/platform/sun4u-us3/lib/sparcv9/libc_psr/libc_psr_.1
34G4.7G29G15%
/platform/sun4u-us3/lib/sparcv9/libc_.1
fd0K0K0K0%/dev/fd
swap13G40K13G1%/tmp
swap13G40K13G1%/var/run
/dev/md/dsk/d13014G15M14G1%/export/home
/vol/dev/dsk/c0t0d0/sol_10_811_sparc
2.1G2.1G0K100%/cdrom/sol_10_811_sparc
bash-3.2
#bash-3.2
#bash-3.2#metadb
flagsfirstblkblockcount
ampluo168192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apluo82088192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apluo164008192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
MWpl16unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
MWpl8208unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
MWpl16400unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
bash-3.2#metastat
d130:Mirror
Submirror0:d131
State:Okay
Submirror1:d132
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
d131:Submirrorofd130
State:Okay
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s30NoOkayYes
d132:Submirrorofd130
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced130c1t1d0s3
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s30NoMaintenanceYes
d110:Mirror
Submirror0:d111
State:Okay
Submirror1:d112
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
d111:Submirrorofd110
State:Okay
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s10NoOkayYes
d112:Submirrorofd110
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced110c1t1d0s1
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s10NoMaintenanceYes
d100:Mirror
Submirror0:d101
State:Okay
Submirror1:d102
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
d101:Submirrorofd100
State:Okay
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s00NoOkayYes
d102:Submirrorofd100
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced100c1t1d0s0
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s00NoMaintenanceYes
DeviceRelocationInformation:
DeviceRelocDeviceID
c1t1d0Yesid1,sd@n5000c50002f5d577
c1t0d0Yesid1,sd@n5000c50002f54e2b
bash-3.2
#bash-3.2
#3.6.在线更换硬盘，重新同步数据
4.解决方法2（删除unknow的metadb）
4.1.进入维护模式
系统缺少metadb会自动进入维护模式，
bash-3.2#init6
bash-3.2#:wait.
:107systemservicesarenowbeingstopped.
Mar2412:22::Terminated
Mar2412:22:47test-01syslogd:goingdownonsignal15
:Thesystemisdown.
syncingfilesystems...done
rebooting...
SunUltra45Workstation,NoKeyboard
Copyright2005SunMicrosystems,htsreserved.
OpenBoot4.21.2,4096MBmemoryinstalled,Serial#68148048.
Ethernetaddress0:14:4f:f:db:50,HostID:840fdb50.
Rebootingwithcommand:boot
Bootdevice:/pci@1e,600000/pci@0/pci@9/pci@0/scsi@1/disk@0,0:aFileandargs:
SunOSRelease5.10VersionGeneric_147147-2664-bit
Copyright(c)1983,2013,Oracleand/htsreserved.
Hostname:test-01
Insufficientmetadevicedatabasereplicaslocated.
Usemetadbtodeletedatabaseswhicharebroken.
IgnoreanyRead-onlyfilesystemerrormessages.
Rebootthesystemwhenfinishedtoreloadthemetadevicedatabase.
Afterreboot,repairanybrokendatabasereplicaswhichweredeleted.
Mar2412:24:[9]:svc:/system/metainit:default:Method
"/lib/svc/method/svc-metainit"failedwithexitstatus96.
Mar2412:24:[9]:system/metainit:defaultmisconfigured:transitionedto
maintenance(see'svcs-xv'fordetails)
Mar2412:24:[9]:svc:/system/filesystem/usr:default:Method
"/lib/svc/method/fs-usr"failedwithexitstatus95.
Mar2412:24:[9]:system/filesystem/usr:defaultfailedfatally:transitionedto
maintenance(see'svcs-xv'fordetails)
RequestingSystemMaintenanceMode
(See/lib/svc/share/READMEformoreinformation.)
Consoleloginservice(s)cannotrun
Rootpasswordforsystemmaintenance(control-dtobypass):
single-userprivilegeassignedto/dev/console.
EnteringSystemMaintenanceMode
Mar2412:25:00su:'suroot'succeededforrooton/dev/console
OracleCorporationSunOS5.10GenericPatchJanuary2005
#4.2.查看系统状态和配置
维护模式不能编辑文件，但可以查看镜像状态和系统文件，我们
可以查看镜像状态和system文件内容.
#metastat
d130:Mirror
Submirror0:d131
State:Okay
Submirror1:d132
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
d131:Submirrorofd130
State:Okay
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s30NoOkayYes
d132:Submirrorofd130
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced130c1t1d0s3
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s30NoMaintenanceYes
d110:Mirror
Submirror0:d111
State:Okay
Submirror1:d112
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
d111:Submirrorofd110
State:Okay
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s10NoOkayYes
d112:Submirrorofd110
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced110c1t1d0s1
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s10NoMaintenanceYes
d100:Mirror
Submirror0:d101
State:Okay
Submirror1:d102
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
d101:Submirrorofd100
State:Okay
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s00NoOkayYes
d102:Submirrorofd100
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced100c1t1d0s0
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s00NoMaintenanceYes
DeviceRelocationInformation:
DeviceRelocDeviceID
c1t1d0Yesid1,sd@n5000c50002f5d577
c1t0d0Yesid1,sd@n5000c50002f54e2b
#4.3.删除unknow的metadb文件
删除无效的metadb文件
#metadb
flagsfirstblkblockcount
amplu168192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apl82088192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apl164008192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
MWpl16unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
MWpl8208unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
MWpl16400unknown/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
###metadb-d/dev/dsk/c1t1d0s7
##metadb
flagsfirstblkblockcount
amplu168192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apl82088192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apl164008192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
#4.4.重启系统并查看系统状态
删除3份无效的metadb后，系统启动时只检测到3份全部是有
效的metadb文件，所以可以正常启动系统；
##init6
#:wait.
:81systemservicesarenowbeingstopped.
:Thesystemisdown.
syncingfilesystems...done
rebooting...
SunUltra45Workstation,NoKeyboard
Copyright2005SunMicrosystems,htsreserved.
OpenBoot4.21.2,4096MBmemoryinstalled,Serial#68148048.
Ethernetaddress0:14:4f:f:db:50,HostID:840fdb50.
Rebootingwithcommand:boot
Bootdevice:/pci@1e,600000/pci@0/pci@9/pci@0/scsi@1/disk@0,0:aFileandargs:
SunOSRelease5.10VersionGeneric_147147-2664-bit
Copyright(c)1983,2013,Oracleand/htsreserved.
Hostname:test-01
test-01consolelogin:Mar2412:28:47test-01sendmail[531]:Myunqualifiedhostname(test-01)
unknown;sleepingforretry
test-01consolelogin:root
Password:
Mar2412:29:04test-01login:ROOTLOGIN/dev/console
Lastlogin:MonMar2412:19:21onconsole
OracleCorporationSunOS5.10GenericPatchJanuary2005
###bash
bash-3.2#metadb
flagsfirstblkblockcount
ampluo168192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apluo82088192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
apluo164008192/dev/dsk/c1t0d0s7
bash-3.2#metastat
d130:Mirror
Submirror0:d131
State:Okay
Submirror1:d132
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
d131:Submirrorofd130
State:Okay
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s30NoOkayYes
d132:Submirrorofd130
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced130c1t1d0s3
Size:30722044blocks(14GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s30NoMaintenanceYes
d110:Mirror
Submirror0:d111
State:Okay
Submirror1:d112
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
d111:Submirrorofd110
State:Okay
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s10NoOkayYes
d112:Submirrorofd110
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced110c1t1d0s1
Size:20482820blocks(9.8GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s10NoMaintenanceYes
d100:Mirror
Submirror0:d101
State:Okay
Submirror1:d102
State:Needsmaintenance
Pass:1
Readoption:roundrobin(default)
Writeoption:parallel(default)
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
d101:Submirrorofd100
State:Okay
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t0d0s00NoOkayYes
d102:Submirrorofd100
State:Needsmaintenance
Invoke:metareplaced100c1t1d0s0
Size:71683312blocks(34GB)
Stripe0:
DeviceStartBlockDbaseStateRelocHotSpare
c1t1d0s00NoMaintenanceYes
DeviceRelocationInformation:
DeviceRelocDeviceID
c1t1d0Yesid1,sd@n5000c50002f5d577
c1t0d0Yesid1,sd@n5000c50002f54e2b
bash-3.2
#bash-3.2#metastat-p
d130-md131d1321
d13111c1t0d0s3
d13211c1t1d0s3
d110-md111d1121
d11111c1t0d0s1
d11211c1t1d0s1
d100-md101d1021
d10111c1t0d0s0
d10211c1t1d0s0
bash-3.2
#5.总结
5.1.启动检测metadb文件
做了raid1镜像的Solars系统在启动的时候，会检测metadb；
默认情况下，有效的metadb数量大于总数的50%时，系统才会正常
启动，否则系统会自动进入维护模式；如果在/etc/system文件中加
入(setmd:mirrored_root_flag=1)时，只有50%有效的metadb文件，仍可以正
常启动。所以在一块硬盘出现故障时有两种解决方法：
1、修改system文件，加入（setmd:mirrored_root_flag=1）
2、删除无效的metadb副本，使有效的metadb文件超过总数
的50%。
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